Raws li EPA (Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Ib Puag Ncig hauv Tebchaws Meskas) Activated Carbon yog tib lub tshuab lim dej uas pom zoo kom tshem tawm
- tag nrho 32 yam tau txheeb xyuas cov organic contaminations suav nrog THMs (cov khoom by-products los ntawm chlorine).
- tag nrho 14 hom tshuaj tua kab uas teev tseg (qhov no suav nrog nitrates thiab cov tshuaj tua kab xws li glyphosate kuj hu ua roundup)
- 12 hom tshuaj tua kab mob uas siv ntau tshaj plaws.
Cov no yog cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb thiab lwm yam tshuaj uas cov lim dej charcoal tshem tawm.
Cov tshuaj chlorine (Cl)
Feem ntau cov dej haus hauv cov kais dej pej xeem hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab North America yog cov dej haus uas raug tswj hwm zoo, kuaj xyuas thiab tau ntawv pov thawj rau haus. Txawm li cas los xij, kom nws muaj kev nyab xeeb, muaj chlorine ntxiv rau uas yuav ua rau nws saj thiab tsw phem. Cov lim dej Activated Carbon zoo heev rau kev tshem tawm chlorine thiab lwm yam saj thiab tsw tsis zoo. Cov lim dej activated carbon zoo tuaj yeem tshem tawm95% lossis ntau dua ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine dawb.
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog qhov no nyeem txogtag nrho thiab dawb chlorine.
Tsis txhob xav tias chlorine yog ib yam khoom uas muaj sodium thiab calcium sib xyaw ua ke. Chlorine tej zaum yuav nce me ntsis thaum cov dej raug lim nrog cov pa roj carbon activated.
Cov khoom siv chlorine bi-products
Qhov kev txhawj xeeb tshaj plaws txog cov dej kais yog cov khoom seem (VOCs) los ntawm chlorine xws li THMs uas tau txheeb xyuas tias muaj peev xwm ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.Cov pa roj carbon uas ua kom cov pa phem tawm hauv huab cua zoo dua li lwm cov tshuab lim dej.Raws li EPA nws tshem tawm 32 yam khoom chlorine uas feem ntau pom. Qhov ntsuas feem ntau hauv cov ntawv qhia dej kais yog tag nrho THMs.
Chloride (Cl-)
Chloride yog ib yam khoom siv ntuj uas pab tswj cov ntshav kom zoo, ntshav siab, thiab pH ntawm cov kua dej hauv lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau dhau Chloride hauv dej yuav ua rau muaj saj ntsev. Chloride yog ib qho khoom siv ntuj tsim ntawm cov dej kais uas tsis muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo. Nws yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem chlorination ntawm cov dej haus los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob tsis zoo. Nws tsis tas yuav lim lossis tshem tawm tab sis cov pa roj carbon activated feem ntau txo cov chloride los ntawm 50-70%. Hauv qee kis tshwj xeeb chloride yuav nce ntxiv.
Cov tshuaj tua kab
Cov tshuaj tua kab yog cov tshuaj uas siv los tswj cov kab tsuag, suav nrog cov nroj tsuag uas xaus rau hauv dej hauv av, pas dej, dej ntws, dej hiav txwv thiab qee zaum dej kais txawm tias kho los xij. Cov roj carbon ua kom muaj zog raug sim kom tshem tawm 14 hom tshuaj tua kab feem ntau suav nrog Chlordane, Chlordecone (CLD/Kepone), Glyphosate (Round-up), Heptachlor, thiab Lindane. Qhov no kuj suav nrog Nitrate (saib hauv qab no).
Cov tshuaj tua kab
Cov tshuaj tua nroj tsuag uas feem ntau hu ua cov tshuaj tua nyom, yog cov tshuaj siv los tswj cov nroj tsuag uas tsis xav tau. Cov pa roj carbon uas ua kom muaj zog raug sim kom tshem tawm 12 hom tshuaj tua nroj tsuag uas feem ntau siv, suav nrog 2,4-D thiab Atrazine.
Nitrate (NO32-)
Nitrate yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov nroj tsuag. Nws yog ib qho chaw nplua nuj ntawm Nitrogen, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nitrate tsis paub tias muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg laus tshwj tsis yog tias nws muaj ntau heev. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau dhau Nitrate hauv dej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj Methemoglobinemia, lossis "blue me nyuam" kab mob (Tsis muaj oxygen).
Cov nitrate nyob rau hauv cov dej kais feem ntau yog los ntawm cov chiv, cov txheej txheem septic, thiab kev khaws cia quav lossis kev nthuav cov quav. Cov pa roj carbon activated feem ntau txo cov nitrate los ntawm 50-70% nyob ntawm seb lub lim dej zoo li cas.
PFOS
PFOS yog ib yam tshuaj siv ua hluav taws xob piv txwv li ua npuas dej tua hluav taws, hlau plating thiab cov tshuaj tua kab. Tau ntau xyoo nws tau xaus rau hauv ib puag ncig thiab cov dej haus nrog ob peb qhov xwm txheej loj hauv North America thiab Europe. Raws li kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2002 los ntawm Environmental Directorate ntawm OECD "PFOS yog qhov ruaj khov, bioaccumulative thiab lom rau cov tsiaj txhu." Activated Carbon tau pom tias ua tau zootshem tawm PFOS suav nrog PFAS, PFOA thiab PFNA.
Phosphate (PO43-)
Phosphate, zoo li nitrate, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Phosphate yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv xeb muaj zog. Kev muaj Phosphate ntau tsis tau qhia txog kev pheej hmoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Cov dej siv rau pej xeem (PWSs) feem ntau ntxiv cov phosphates rau hauv dej haus kom tiv thaiv kev tawm ntawm cov hlau lead thiab tooj liab ntawm cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv. Cov lim dej zoo feem ntau tshem tawm 70-90% ntawm cov phosphates.
Lithium (Li+)
Lithium muaj nyob rau hauv dej haus. Txawm hais tias nws muaj nyob rau hauv tus nqi qis heev, Lithium yog qhov tseeb ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab. Nws tsis tau qhia txog kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tib neeg lub cev. Lithium tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov dej hiav txwv continental, cov dej geothermal, thiab cov dej hiav txwv roj-roj av. Cov lim dej charcoal xws li TAPP Dej txo 70-90% ntawm cov khoom no.
Cov Tshuaj
Kev siv tshuaj kho mob thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau ua rau muaj kev tso tawm cov tshuaj thiab lawv cov metabolites mus rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab tas li. Cov kev soj ntsuam tam sim no qhia tau hais tias nws tsis zoo li yuav muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, vim tias cov tshuaj kho mob uas pom hauv dej haus tsawg heev qis dua li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Cov tshuaj kho mob yuav raug tso tawm mus rau hauv cov dej hauv cov dej ntws los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lossis cov chaw tsim khoom tsis zoo, feem ntau yog cov uas cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj generic. Cov lim dej carbon zoo xws li EcoPro tshem tawm 95% ntawm cov tshuaj kho mob.
Cov yas me me
Cov yas me me yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov yas pov tseg hauv ntau hom sib txawv. Qhov cuam tshuam tseeb ntawm cov yas me me rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv yog qhov nyuaj rau txiav txim siab vim ntau yam. Muaj ntau hom yas sib txawv, nrog rau cov tshuaj ntxiv sib txawv uas tej zaum yuav muaj lossis tsis muaj. Thaum cov yas pov tseg nkag mus rau hauv
cov dej ntws, nws tsis lwj zoo li cov khoom siv ntuj tsim. Hloov chaw, kev raug tshav ntuj, kev ua xua rau oxygen, thiab kev lwj los ntawm cov khoom siv xws li nthwv dej thiab xuab zeb ua rau cov yas khib nyiab tawg ua tej daim me me. Cov microplastics me tshaj plaws uas pom hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm pej xeem yog 2.6 micron. Ib lub 2 micron carbon block xws li EcoPro tshem tawm tag nrho cov microplastics loj dua 2-microns.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-27-2022